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Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. The attar of roses which is produced is powerful and expensive – and no wonder: it takes around 40,000 rose flowers to produce one 10 g bottle of rose attar. Jo Malone Grapefruit Guerlain Shalimar In addition, there is no single solution for all applications: for example, steam cleaning, which is necessary to eliminate protozoal oocysts from a premises, (Ernst) is not feasibly applied to the hands of the veterinary surgeon or the skin of a cat. Partly for that reason, there are now quite a few cedar-like synthetic notes used to give depth and a ‘grounding’ quality across some women’s fragrances – and many men’s. Learn the signs of heat rash, what causes it, how long it lasts, how doctors diagnose it, and what you can do to treat it. 1 Ginger Essence & White Tea. Int J Food Microbiol.

Sniff out a bacon fragrance for yourself, and make up your own mind…! Add a touch to a perfume, and it gives a bittersweet, leathery, intimate quality:  a little bit earthy, but soft at the same time. The leaves and twigs give us petitgrain (read more about that here), while the cold-pressed peel of the fruit gives us bigarade (click here for more). They’re then steam-distilled to produce a gloopy, oily yellow compound, known in the business as ‘iris butter’. Woods of Windsor Lily of the Valley Used with an amber note, it creates a real addiction…' And Dior's Perfumer-Creator François Demachy adds: 'The tonka bean is a concentrate of sensations and aromas. Fragonard Fragonard

72483 EN: 101 Facts About Tropical Rain Forests: Barnes, Julia: 5.7 As well as occurring naturally, though, benzyl alcohol may also be chemically produced from petrochemical sources. The use of this gloriously purple-coloured plant in perfumery goes right the way back to Ancient Egypt. I love to cook with cinnamon. Miller Harris Le Pamplemousse Now revised, this landmark reference surveys every American housing style from Native American days to the present. (Many naturals are positively timid on the skin.). Strictly, marshmallow is also a plant: Althaea officinalis was used to cure sore throats. They also feature in Houbigant’s Quelques Fleurs (created 1912) and Lanvin’s Arpège. Dolce & Gabbana The One Bella Bellissima Arabian Rose Chances are, though, that the violet in your own perfume – and it probably is in your perfume, even if you can’t pick it out – is synthetic:  the chemists Tiemann & Kruger as long ago as 1893 found a way to separate the aroma compounds in violets, which are known as ionones. Aedes de Venustus Eau de Parfum Cheap and readily available, household vinegar (2.5 and 5% acetic acid) can be used for cleaning as well as cooking. Fragonard Just un Baiser When we smell or taste anything, our ‘receptors’ constantly wipe those fleeting encounters to prepare for the next flavour or a smell.

Once upon a time (in the Victorian/Edwardian era), carnation was hugely fashionable (and if you ever manage to get your hands on a bottle of Caron’s now-extinct Bellodgia, you can experience just why it was so beloved). There are hundreds of different species of Narcissi today – white, yellow, some with a touch of pink or orange (including our ‘everyday’ daffodil) – but not all are fragrant.

Treatment involves supportive care to reduce symptoms. ISBN 978-1-4160-6130-41078-1100.

In writing this book we have also tried to encompass the many ways people view and interact with aquatic plants, or "macrophytes" as they are often described. And it’s controversial:  the original musk came from a sex gland secretion from a specific a species of deer, the Tibetan musk deer, which became endangered - though since 1979 this creature has happily now protected by CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora). Goutal Rose Pompon Neroli (which you can read about under ‘N’) is steam-distilled. Fern blends perfectly with lavender, oakmoss and coumarin, in fragrance creation. Givenchy Organza Eau de Toilette Yves Saint Laurent Opium, Refreshing, subtly sweet – or positively jam-like: blueberry has different facets which perfumers have the power to play up. Liz Earle Botanical Essence No. J Feline Med Surg. Lolita Lempicka Lolita Lempicka Nasomatto Narcotic Venus Saunders Elsevier Company, 11830 Westline Industrial Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63146, USA. The clue’s in the name: this plant’s more widely used to dye clothing. One of the reasons it’s so widely used now is that it mimics the scent of ambergris – it’s also referred to as ‘amber’ – but it’s also a ‘fixative’, helping other ingredients to stay true, and to stay put. Curti R1, Kupper J, Kupferschmidt H, Naegeli H. 2009 A retrospective study of animal poisoning reports to the Swiss Toxicological Information Centre (1997 – 2006). Guerlain Iris Ganache, Run your fingers over the leaves of a redcurrant bush, and you’ll get a ‘catty’ quality that’s distinctive, intriguing – but not to everyone’s taste. (Kampf and Kramer) Taken orally, they are lethal. Symptoms include redness, itching, and swelling after the product comes in contact with the person's skin. West Nile Virus. Yves Saint Laurent Y. Perfumers use notes from two stages of blackcurrant’s life:  the blossom, and the fruit itself, both from the Ribes nigrum plant.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a highly contagious disease caused by several enteroviruses. Plenty of people seem to find tobacco almost as addictive in perfumery as cigarettes or cigars – but it’s a healthier way to indulge, for sure. Does beeswax smell? Dior Hypnotic Poison (Such complexity, in a single ingredient:  no wonder many perfumers love it.) 1165(5-6):527-38. Christian Dior Miss Dior Cherie L’Eau 'Tobacco: loved by many when lit, smoke inhaled, brain bright and crisp. L’Artisan Parfumeur Premier Figuier Bury your nose in an amaryllis (do mind the pollen! Today, of course, it’s not the natural stuff that perfumers use, but a huge array of synthetic musks, ranging from sweet, powdery musks to almost metallic versions. Infectious disease is a major challenge for the domestic cat (Felis catus).

The very first ‘leather’ scent, so far as records show, was worn by King George III:  Creed’s Royal English Leather. Hand, foot, and mouth syndrome is caused by various viruses, including several types of Coxsackieviruses. Estée Lauder Knowing Creed Bois de Cedrat Hydrogen peroxide is not very stable and dissociates into H20 and O2. It’s a-little-bit-musky, a-little-bit-spicy, a-little-bit-powdery qualities become even more versatile in the hands of perfumers:  they know how Cashmeran™ almost ‘melts’ into many types of ingredients to add an extra, almost tactile sensuality to perfumes within a wide range of fragrance families. Almost spicy, so green and sweet, with hints of lemon:  that’s lily of the valley – and a more spring-like scent it’s hard to imagine. It has a touch of pine to it:  a bit sappy, a touch bitter, but definitely fresh – and powerful, so it’s generally used in small doses. It was for a time the perfumer’s choice for replacing animal musks, although it’s gentler and not as sharp. 14(6):399-404. The Jinn are said to appear to mankind most commonly in the shapes of serpents, dogs, cats, or human beings. Ionones and methyl ionones have been worked into almost every perfume worn today, and include methyl alpha ionone, which has gorgeous hints of raspberry and woods. Dior Miss Dior Chérie Acqua di Parma Iris Nobile Poet’s Narcissus, or Narcissus poeticus) is native to Europe, and growers cultivate it in the Netherlands and the Grasse area of France, extracting an oil which smells like a blend of jasmine and hyacinth. Happily for civet cats, most of the civet now used is synthetically recreated, for ethical reasons (the cats are kept in cages and stressed, in order to produce the secretion) – although we have heard that some small perfumers still secretly source the real thing, a practise we absolutely can’t condone. Citron is French for lemon. Hypnotic, heady, almost intoxicatingly sweet, tiaré wafts its exotic way into white floral scents and Orientals. Of all the fragrance ingredients out there, lavender’s probably the most widely recognised (even if blindfolded) for its soothing, calming aromatic qualities. 2014 Efficiency of peracetic acid in inactivating bacteria, viruses, and spores in water determined with ATP bioluminescence, quantitative PCR, and culture-based methods. Cleansing with water and soft cloths, followed by application of petroleum jelly or zinc oxide and frequent diaper changes is the best treatment for a diaper rash. Pear’s fragrant bounty doesn’t begin and end with its fruits (and subtly powdery blossoms), though. Guerlain Vetiver Salvatore Ferragamo Signorina In Fiore Marc Jacobs Dot Penhaligon’s Artemisia The whole orange family is invaluable to perfumers;  mandarin peel has long been used in sachets and pot pourris to scent the home. Jasmine gives a richness and intensity to fragrances:  a sweet floral note, but with a dead-sexy muskiness to it. Honisch M1, Stamminger R, Bockmühl DP.2014 Impact of wash cycle time, temperature and detergent formulation on the hygiene effectiveness of domestic laundering. UV radiation only works on surfaces. Elizabeth Arden Green Tea Camellia Treatment involves gentle cleansing, removing the crusts of popped blisters, and the application of prescription-strength mupirocin antibiotic ointment. When the Iranian revolution broke out in 1979, the oil supply dried up – and Chanel’s perfumer faced the challenge of reworking this iconic scent. Standard treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, chemoembolization, targeted therapy, and supportive care. Burberry Burberry Woman Musky, slightly sweet – and maybe a hint of Cognac in there…? Terms of Use.

The book consists of the twenty-five color plates to be found in “Rocky Mountain Flowers” (Clements and Clements, 1914), representing one hundred and seventy-five of the most beautiful and striking flowers of the mountains and plains of ... It can be a skin sensitiser for some people, and is therefore listed on fragrance packaging so that it can be avoided by those who have a problem. Apples have been a part of fragrance creation right back to the medieval era of Arab perfumery. (The actual aroma compound itself is called oxane, FYI.)

Mostly, though, when you see elder listed as an ingredient, that’ll be a synthetic version. Because – as with that spirit – the juniper berry adds a bracing, exhilarating touch to fragrances. Strictly, white chocolate isn’t chocolate at all:  it’s created from cocoa butter, sugar, vanilla. 2012 Inactivation of human norovirus surrogates by benzalkonium chloride, potassium peroxymonosulfate, tannic acid, and gallic acid. Cartier Eau de Cartier

Carita Carita Eau de Parfum (Strangely, the flower itself is scent-less.). The song remembers when Moses was a baby in a basket on the Nile, as seen in another's eyes — his sister Miriam's — watching over him from the nearest distant shore. We’re used to slooshing this onto our salads or into our frying pans – but spritzing it onto our pulse-points? (Anderson et al). Oral thrush is a yeast infection of the mouth and throat. Estée Lauder Pleasures, Deadly nightshade. And we fully expect it to be used in quite a few more ‘mouthwatering’ fragrances yet…, Christina Aguilera Royal Desire Maison Francis Kurkdjian Oud Satin Mood Iso E Super is very popular in fragrance compositions, even though the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) has rationed its use in a formula, because of its potentially sensitising/allergenic effects. They’re subtly different, in the hands of perfumers. Hints of tobacco, too, or the whiff of burning leaves in winter. Guerlain Shalimar Prada Infusion de Mimosa Isn’t it hard to imagine that a plant so green and wafty can produce a scent that’s so deep and resinous. Tick bites are typically painless, but the site of the bite may later itch, burn, turn red, and feel painful. The bacteria Capnocytophaga canimorsus is common in the mouths of cats, people, and dogs. And who can resist the smell, either:  soft, sweet and violet-like, and a touch fruity…? J Feline Med Surg. Yves Saint Laurent Paris, Once upon a time, ylang ylang – a tendrilled tropical flower which blossoms on a tall tree – was known as ‘poor man’s jasmine’ (because it has many similarities, scent-wise). Naturally, it’s a synthetic ‘fantasy’ ingredient:  you can’t distil a metal, or extract it through enfleurage…! Saunders Elsevier Company, 11830 Westline Industrial Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63146, USA. Cinnamon is one of the smells of Christmas:  spicy and enticing, comforting and sweet, all at once. (Although some gifted natural perfumers manage recreate the smell of honeysuckle through clever alchemy of other naturals…)  Depending on the other notes used, it can enhance a touch of aniseed, blend romantically with other white florals – orange blossom and jasmine – or add a fresh green note…, Goutal Paris Eau de Camille
1997 [Effect of domestic laundry processes on mycotic contamination of textiles]. Hermès 24 Faubourg There’s an entire book dedicated to the story of ambergris: Floating Gold. In common usage of the term, a "rash" can refer to many different skin conditions. Pepper, is metallic and spiky, sharp. (It’s been called ‘the scent of the 60s’, because the essential oil was often worn neat on the skin of music-loving, party-loving – and sometimes drug-loving – youth.)

It smells sweet, but not as cloying as hyacinth. The name comes from the Latin, so we’re told:  ‘lavere’ means ‘to wash’, and the Romans perfumed their baths with lavender oil. Cats also developed oral and oesophageal ulceration after licking treated skin.

If you smell different concentrated ‘absolutes’ (the oily liquids created through macerating the jasmine flowers), they have their own characters:  some smell medicinal, some sweet, some musky, some green. Presented alphabetically, this guide to the world of symbolism traces the meanings of symbols across a wide range of cultures. Symptoms and signs include joint pain, fever, and rash. The Greeks and Romans used it too, often with its near-relation cassia. feline leukaemia virus, feline herpesvirus): survival times outside the host were presented elsewhere (Mostl et al, 2013; Addie 2008). Mostly, it affects the nose and mouth or arms or legs.

The plant itself is found in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, areas of the US like Florida, and Australia.

Juliette Has a Gun Midnight Oud Tom Ford Tobacco Vanille Maison Francis Kurkdjian Cologne Pour le Matin To paraphrase Shakespeare, jatamansi by another name would smell as sweet – and it’s got plenty of those other names: nard, spike, muskroot, tapaswini and sumbul are just some of the other words used for this ingredient. The allergy may be to food or medications, but usually the Heat is by far the most broad spectrum method of disinfection: moist heat is more effective than dry heat, especially under pressure. Symptoms and signs include carditis, polyarthritis, Aschoff bodies, rash, Sydenham's chorea, and fever. Today, we’re more likely to wear fig behind our ears, and on our wrists….

A macular rash refers to flat, small red patches on the skin, while a papular rash refers to small raised red bumps. Scaling, blister formation, or ulceration of the skin It’s summer in a bottle:  very fresh, watery, sheer, but (unsurprisingly) sweet at the same time. Serge Lutens L`Eau Serge Lutens Steam distillation’s used to extract the essential oil.

Givenchy Hot Couture Eau de Parfum Balenciaga Cristobal Balenciaga 11(4):147-57. (Erotic postscript:  in the tantric rite of the Five Essentials, saffron was applied to the female’s feet…), The plant itself – Crocus sativus, from the iris family - was introduced into Europe in the 7th Century, after the conquest of Spain;  by the 16th Century, English saffron was prized as the best in the world, grown in large quantities around Saffron Waldon (which is how come that town got its name). Learn what medical treatments can help ease heat rash on your face and speed up your recovery from heat rash. Sometimes, though, both the violet leaf and the flower are used together, for a ‘cool’ contemporary violet effect, taking the edge off violet’s slightly great-auntishly old-fashioned powderiness. Dior Les Créations de Monsieur Dior Diorling At one bacchanale, the Emperor Nero, clearly no tightwad, had silver pipes installed so guests could be spritzed with rosewater between courses. In voodoo, datura is used to induce ‘Zombification’.

J Med Toxicol. Outsmarting Cats enables you to persuade your cat that what you want is also what she wants. Whatever your specific cat problem, Wendy Christensen gives all the latest information on what works, and what doesn't. Lancôme O de Lancôme

Contamination of alcohol based solutions has rarely been reported (Weber)Ineffective against parvovirus (Rabenau), 70% to 90% concentration for 1 minute - the higher the concentration, the more effective.Require at least 90% for MRSA control (Perona).

Phenol-based, e.g. 2004 Apr;56(4):312-7.

We also share certain information about your usage of our site with analytics partners. ‘Mock orange blossom’, it’s also known as – or Philadelphus. In 1-2 weeks, the person will develop many smaller patches on his or her trunk, arms, and legs. (Mostly men’s, but a few shared and women’s scents; it goes really well with other aromatics, such as fennel, licorice, tarragon, basil and fennel, in aromatic and oriental creations.) Guerlain Jardins de Bagatelle

Taif rose is especially prized in perfumery, beloved for its deep fragrance – which is even more intense than the better-known Damask rose to which it’s related. Atelier Cologne Rose Anonyme Group A streptococcal infections are caused by group A Streptococcus, a bacteria that causes a variety of health problems, including strep throat, impetigo, cellulitis, erysipelas, and scarlet fever. It was the legendary fragrance Angel which really put caramel as an ingredient on the map: that sweet, seductive, eat-me quality which gourmand fragrances embody.

Neroli’s perfect in white florals, or in Colognes, which accent its citrus edge – and it’s popular in fragrances for men, as well as for women. Khan SA1, McLean MK, Slater MR. 2014 Concentrated tea tree oil toxicosis in dogs and cats: 443 cases (2002-2012).

They're like berry clay that you can form and shape in all directions.

Estée Lauder Private Collection Tuberose Gardenia Don´t ask me why but it seems to fix it perfectly and it calms the hyperactive lavender. Malik YS1, Goyal SM. Common infections that are sexually transmitted in men include gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, hepatitis C and B, genital warts, human papillomavirus (HPV), and genital herpes. (Carnation absolute is only produced in the south of France, though.). (It actually originated in India and China, and – who knew? When it’s first produced, it’s useless as a fragrance ingredient - definitely faecal, at that point. seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, stasis dermatitis, Grasse jasmine contains the highest natural levels of indole – one of the reasons it’s the priciest jasmine in the world. Citral is lemons, while C11 gives a ‘cleanness’ to fragrance (it’s naturally present in coriander leaf oil). ), Many of us have picked a honeysuckle blossom and sucked the honey from the base – but alas, honeysuckle gives up its dewy sweet nectar a lot more readily than its smell, and the yield of essential oil from these plants is really low. You may not know the name – but you’ve certainly smelled this key ingredient in fresh fragrances, and especially Colognes – something of the sweetness of neroli (orange blossom) - but also woody, fresh, green and maybe a touch bitter, with a slightly masculine edge. It’s collected from the stems in small drops (‘tears’). J Vet Diagn Invest. The twigs, buds and foliage of this 3-metre tree can be steam-distilled – but cassia is sometimes recreated synthetically, giving a potent and seriously spicy, almost earthy note that when handled with care lends itself especially well to Orientals. Ortigia Sicilia Orange Blossom. Givenchy Le de Givenchy Later, the Arabic and Byzantine perfumers (including the famous Al-Kindi) perfected the art of capturing its aphrodisiac powers, and musk’s popularity spread along the silk and spice routes. Chanel Les Exclusifs 28 La Paula Perona PJ1, Johnson AJ, Perona JP, Issa K, Kapadia BH, Bonutti PM, Mont MA.

Poison ivy produces urushiol, an oily chemical that causes an itchy, painful reddish rash in people who come in contact with the plant.

This long-stalked plant has been used for centuries for medicinal purposes, as well as in cooking – but with a little caution:  the stalks may be edible, but the leaves are poisonous. Farina in the 17th Century. Bamboo is of course also linked with Asian culture:  it’s the Chinese symbol of longevity, while in India it’s a symbol of friendship.
Thierry’s stroke of genius was to plug the gap with a touch of celery seed, instead. Heliotrope’s teamed with violets and iris for a talcum-powdery, lipstick-esque sweetness – but as you may now have guessed, it’s actually very versatile, becoming almost mouthwatering when used alongside bitter almond, each ingredient turbo-charging the other’s marzipan-ish qualities. Guerlain Eau de Cologne Impériale L’Occitane en Provence Peony But its aromatic nature really comes out when a distillation of the dried leaves and/or berries (in rum and water) is blended into perfumes (and aftershaves).

You can’t shake a real cocktail into a scent, of course – so the drink has been conjured up synthetically as a ‘fantasy’ fragrance ingredient to give a sense of sparkling, crisp peachiness. Cardamom’s been spicing up perfumery (and the incense trade) at least since Egyptian times, and was one of the key fragrance plants used in Greek perfumes. However, as Guerlain’s in-house perfumer Thierry Wasser explained to us, whenever something is removed from an ingredient through fractionation, ‘it leaves a hole’. Bulgari Eau Parfumée au Thé Vert Rutala WA1, Weber DJ. The price of the natural ingredient probably doesn’t help: it takes 500 kilos of flowers to produce one kilo of ‘concrete’, and about one-tenth that quantity of absolute.

There are a couple of ‘twists’ on petitgrain:  a form known as ‘citronnier’ is distilled from the leaves of the lemon tree, in Mediterranean areas;  as you’d imagine, it’s more – yes – lemony. Miller Harris Fleur Oriental In fact, it’s used in different proportions in almost all modern perfumes - particularly within chypre and fougère fragrance categories, giving an initial fresh, airy, uplifting quality. J. D. Bonagura and D. C. Twedt. Clive Christian C for Women

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