For example, “Commander’s intent is the commander’s personnel verbal and graphic summary of the unit mission and concept of operation that establishes a description of the mission objective and method . This may offer a clue to the failure of other equally developed armies to adopt this way of exercising command; for example, the British Army in 1987 announced an intention to adopt 'Mission Command', yet an internal 2004 British Army review of command and control in the Iraq War in 2003 clearly shows that they had achieved the reverse: British orders were substantially more detailed, and subordinates generally more constrained than twenty years earlier, indicating that there is more to Auftragstaktik than process. Sometimes it means an intent to do something beyond that which is done, such as assault with intent to commit rape. Military Intelligence - Volume 17, Issue 4 - Page 54 There are three Military Organization Yes, certainly a staff officer is assigned to report specific changes in FFIR. Found inside – Page 65The concept organization has accomplished with respect to its should expand upon the commander's intent , task [ s ] and purpose [ s ] , where the force is ... The story must describe the actions See the example of the TF 1-22 ( 3B . three key players: units, Human Resources Command (HRC), and officers. Criminal law and tort law share the concept of transferred intent. In contract law, for example, the intention of the parties to a written contract is fixed by the language of the contract document. It was therefore not unusual to find an armor commander with experience of artillery and infantry command. Aren’t FFIR assigned to some staff officer in the Tactical Operation Center (TOC)? URBAN OPERATIONS II OFFENSIVE AND DEFENSIVE … •Initial commander‘s intent. Given a mission, a commander's intent, and a defensive position, select command post location to facilitate command and control. Criminal law has attempted to clarify the intent requirement by creating the concepts of "specific intent" and "general intent." Armor - Volume 102, Issue 4 - Page 32 Yes, this includes the disposition of friendly forces during operations. "Everything in war is very simple but the simplest thing is difficult". Amy's intent is to hit Billy with a snowball. ICS Form number, but to clarify that the altered form is a specific organizational adaptation of the form. After the First World War, this monitoring, coaching and training role built a level of trust, competency and understanding across the whole 4,000-strong German post-war officer corps which made a new level of excellence possible. These facts and assumptions can then be identified as FFIR. Mission-type orders free the higher leadership from tactical details. More specifically this occurs during MDMP Step 4. statement, commander’s intent, concept of opera - tions, tasks to subordinate units, coordinating instructions, and control measures are the key components of a plan.”7 As we look at these components, task organization and mission are typically directed by what is available and the leader’s immediate higher headquarters. Thus, in most states, a defendant who kills a person with a gun while intoxicated, to the extent that the defendant is not aware of having a gun, will be guilty of second-degree murder. The techniques discussed are deemed a way to conduct IO, not the way. create shared understanding, and provide a clear commander’s intent. But a TOC can only report what it knows – that is, what has been reported to the TOC by subordinate units. The chief of staff usually presides over the staff briefing. And EEFI involves critical information the commander needs to hide from the enemy, for the success of the mission. Finally, networks of spies and informants are also used to collect human intelligence (HUMINT). For example, an altered form should clearly indicate in the title that it has been changed to meet a specific need, such as “ICS 215A, Hazard Risk Analysis Worksheet, Adapted for Story County Hazmat Program.” Extending ICS Form Fields By 1900 many statutes eliminated the "intent-to-defraud" requirement for property crimes. In Tort Law, intent plays a key role in determining the civil liability of persons who commit harm. This strongly suggests that long experience of operations had allowed senior commanders to be quite abstract in their orders, issued without great fear of being misunderstood. Example: lack of intent may reduce a charge of manslaughter to a finding of reckless homicide or other lesser crime. To clarify, the classic German approach called for every commander to be trained to function effectively at two levels of command above his appointment; a platoon commander—an appointment that was, and is, an NCO one in the German Army—would be expected to control battalion actions, if need be. In tort an individual is considered to intend the consequences of an act—whether or not she or he actually intends those consequences—if the individual is substantially certain that those consequences will result. Have winter snows closed down the high altitude pass from which the enemy is relying for supplies? ECIW2012- 11th European Conference on Information warfare ... The commander does not take an active role in the planning process and therefore does not adequately provide the needed intent. One of the earliest alleged uses of Auftragstaktik was at the Battle of Königgrätz in the Austro-Prussian War. To this end (in and before WW2) the German General Staff cross-posted officers and NCOs between the different branches of the Army. To that end, all commanders will: 4.1.1. Found inside – Page 33First is development of the commander's intent statement in paragraph 3 of the ADA Operations Order . ... For example , if the mission is a deliberate attack , that implies the enemy has prepared defenses . Found inside – Page 11412 For example, the joint force commander could organize his/her C2 structure in a similar manner by employing a well-trained smaller staff, guided by commander's intent, working in an environment where relevant information is widely ... A system of checks and a system of reporting is also implemented. Building a high level of trust, competency and understanding is crucial for the success of such a doctrine. Air & Space Power Journal fall 01 - Page 114 United States: U.S. Government Printing Office. History. purpose, intent, and scope of the SROE, emphasizing a commander’s right and obligation to use force in self-defense. Intercepted emails between fiance and principal, is this illegal? Found inside – Page 2-23Subordinates can then develop specifics within the commander's intent. For example, instead of assigning a direction of attack, planners can designate an axis of advance. 2-122. Simple plans are not simplistic plans. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. (, "Nothing is enduring, except the change of situation". Found inside – Page 33First is development of the commander's intent statement in paragraph 3 of the ADA Operations Order . ... For example , if the mission is a deliberate attack , that implies the enemy has prepared defenses . It also requires specific FFIR delineated by the commander to subordinate leaders: Who informs the commander of these changes in facts and assumptions about our friendly forces? Commander’s Critical Information Requirements (CCIR) are defined by the Department of Defense as a comprehensive list of information requirements identified by the commander as being critical in facilitating timely information management and the decision making process that affect successful mission accomplishment. The creation of combined-arms forces poses particular challenges to command, especially if they are attached during a battle. So we need to establish the EEFI and protect them under Operational Security (OPSEC) methods. It is the first sergeant’s duty to hold formations, instruct platoon sergeants and assist the commander in supervising unit operations. Found inside – Page 32Optimally, it is very detailed and covers all contingencies with a clear picture of the commander's intent. ... For example, with minimal guidance the CO/TM FSO can prepare the “Fires” pararaph and a fire support execution matrix. – Report at 10, 20 and 30 percent consumption of ammunition or fuel for the unit in whole. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. Found inside – Page 85The relationship between the Intelligence Officer ( J - 2 ) and the mission Commander is critical . Success comes not from what the J - 2 or the ... U.S. Commanders personally write the Commander's Intent section of an operation order . The enemy is at least aware of the general position of our forward line of troops (FLOT). The Operations Process - HelMilBooks Found insideDoes this passage show us an example that is opposite of what we consider God's commands or that is opposite of loving our neighbor as ourselves? ... Do all the verses/paragraphs/strophes in my passage support my Commander's intent? The initial commander’s intent describes the purpose of the operation, initial key tasks, and the desired end state. Found inside – Page 29Table 5 ( continued ) Commander's Intent Comments on information requirements related to commander's intent stressed that CʻI capabilities should enable a clear delineation of priorities and end state . For example , several respondents ... For example, during the COA wargaming phase an experienced warrior may understand the importance of protecting the rules of engagement (ROE) under EEFI. Infantry - Page 6 Found inside – Page 12For example , while in the middle of a ten minute discussion about obstacle placement ( the objective ) the planners briefly focused on the meaning of the commander's intent -- " He wants us to mine this avenue " ( the area of focus ) . Military Review - Page 70 Under the tort doctrine of transferred intent, the defendant is liable for monetary damages to the unintended victim. .” 6 (TBS-DEF-1008b) 2. With confidence that these principles had been properly inculcated, all commanders, from the highest to the lowest echelons, felt free to carry out their missions or meet changes in situations with a minimum of interference by higher commanders." Found inside – Page 8A thorough understanding of the commander's intent is vital to decisionmaking at every level and is crucial in articulating the ... For example , providing combat rations to the 28 nations of UNOSOM was a U.S. support responsibility . ADA. - Page 33 The limits of these facts and assumptions become FFIR for the commander! And even when FFIR is reported in a timely and accurate manner, if there is no contingency plan, it makes it all the more difficult for the commander to adjust to the new facts and assumptions. Found inside – Page 47A good example of the importance of mission is the military concept of commander's intent . A long - established military aphorism is that no plan survives first contact with the enemy . In chaotic situations , the mission ( often ... In mission-type tactics, the military commander gives subordinate leaders a clearly defined goal (the objective), the forces needed to accomplish that goal and a time frame within which the goal must be reached. Commanders Intent Note that some FFIR look at the unit as a whole, while other FFIR consider the conditions of each subordinate unit. This aspect is also responsible for the high casualty rate amongst commanders even in successful operations (5% of all dead).

With a clear understanding of the intent of an assigned mission, commanders have the responsibility and authority to act, and to trust subordinates to complete their assigned missions. Manuals Combined: U.S. Marine Corps Basic Reconnaissance ... Many FFIR become apparent through our assumptions of friendly force capabilities through the Military Decision Making Process (MDMP). Recruiting Functions Analysis ... bottom-up refinement to the plan within the limits of the commander’s intent. Commander’s Intent This has been demonstrated by authors such as Stephen Bungay (The Art of Action, 2011), and Jeremy Tozer (Leading Initiatives, 1995 and Leading Through Leaders, 2012). Army of None: Autonomous Weapons and the Future of War Found inside – Page 22Recruiting Operation Plan Formula for Success or Just Another Requirement ? commander's intent SAFETYRJ Safety Culture ... You'll notice there are no USAREC forms associated with the ROP ; the manual only shows an example of what one ... Leadersights: Creating Great Leaders Who Create Great Workplaces The Operations Process (ADP 5-0) - Page 2-23 Under Common Law the prosecution had to establish that the defendant intended to steal or destroy property. The intent is to demystify ATAP for officers to better improve their experience throughout the process. During 2009-2010, while mobilized in support of Operation Enduring Freedom at Fort Knox as the Company Executive Officer, MSG Cameron completed high-quality training laydowns and schedules for two full BCT cycles that fulfilled the Commander s intent and set the standard tor the Battalion. Perspectives on Multinational Intelligence Cooperation in Africa A sub-leader whose first fear is to be lectured by his superior, and hence cannot bring himself to do anything else with orders than execute them to the letter, is not capable of Auftragstaktik. TBS-DEF-2203 Given a unit, a barrier plan, and materials commander’s intent. Some[who?] This claim is difficult to accept, since no appreciation of Auftragstaktik had been accepted officially. —General Gordon R. Sullivan, quoted in Delivering Results by David Ulrich. PIR may be simply defined as “what the commander needs to know about the enemy.”, FFIR could then be defined as “what the commander needs to know about his own forces.”, EEFI includes “information the commander wants to hide from the enemy.”.

Too many times, the staff plans and develops operations without the commander’s input. INFORMATION OPERATIONS He then calls on staff officers to brief their areas of responsibility. Example: lack of intent may reduce a charge of manslaughter to a finding of reckless homicide or other lesser crime. Reframing involves significantly refining or discarding the hypotheses or models that form the basis I Was Taking Notes - Page 59 "Command Approach: Problem Solving in Mission Command.". The subordinate leaders then implement the order independently. EEFI is information the commander wants to hide from the enemy. Found inside – Page 152orders provided that the commander's intent is achieved, as outdated orders in a new situation may be detrimental to the ... For example, on 9 July 1941 he advanced toward the Dniepr River without orders from his superior Günther von ... Maneuver Warfare Handbook (1942). Yes, it is certainly true that the commander dictates the CCIR with the help of experienced subordinates. Who collects PIR? •Mission narrative. Constructs, such as History Authorized here] (Example: ARMED FORCES EXPEDITIONARY MEDAL, GLOBAR WAR ON TERRORISM MEDAL, GLOBAR WAR EXPEDITIONARY MEDAL) 4. This expression illustrates exactly who is responsible for gathering and passing along CCIR. Occasionally a judge or jury may find that "there was no criminal intent." Introduction vi FM 3-61 1 April 2014 FM 3-61 consolidates tactics, techniques, and procedures from FM 3-61.1 into this field manual. Found insideThis includes the commander's intent and concept of the operation, unit assignments, and coordinating instructions. ... For example: “Second Platoon, B Company attacks to seize the western flank of Hill 452 NB12345678 NLT 140400ZJan14 ... Direct orders are an exception in the German armed forces, while "tasks" are the standard instrument of leadership from high command down to squad level. viii Commander’s Handbook for Assessment Planning and Execution recommendations to account for discrepancies between the actual and predicted progress. Criminal law dispenses with the intent requirement in many property-related crimes. Excellence in this case is derived in part from the tradition of Gerhard von Scharnhorst, Carl von Clausewitz and Helmuth von Moltke and was based upon the premise that hard-and-fast rules had no place in the environment of war, which was the realm of human emotion, friction, chance and uncertainty.

This includes virtually every imaginable type of patrol, mounted or dismounted, as well as more sophisticated collection methods used by Signal Corps electronic warfare and Military Intelligence via manned and unmanned aerial vehicle (M/UAV) platforms.

PIR is information the commander needs to know about the enemy. Once the FFIR is identified, this information is communicated to subordinate unit leaders. Example of RFA analysis at company level ..... 38 Figure A-3. Under the Auftragstaktik system the selection of combat formations, as well as their route and rate of advance, was based upon a unit's mission, the terrain and the enemy's disposition, something Napoleon was renowned for doing. It is the single unifying focus for all subordinate elements, so it must be understood by the echelons below the commander. PIR is the means by which the commander tasks his ISR assets. It should also be assigned to specific units for collection. Measures of Effectiveness Assessment, stability doctrine and MoE Canada Department of National Defence (1996). Army professionals tailor the processes, tools, and techniques of IO to suit the … – Report at 10, 20 and 30 percent troop casualties for the unit in whole. In translation to English, the German word (which is not, nor ever has been, part of the official German military lexicon) loses some of its impact. Phase I: Set the Market 1. The law will infer that the defendant had a general intent to kill. effects in and through the information environment that support the commander’s intent and concept of operations. However, each of these FFIR may very well mean the commander would need to adjust accordingly to the new facts and assumptions. But most productive are his actions when he acts within the framework of his senior commander's intent. Heinz Guderian ensured that all German tanks had radio receivers in order to make his command effective. A plan is based on a series of facts and assumptions. [12] Most of the Prussian commanders, particularly Frederick Charles of the 1st Prussian Army, had no understanding of Moltke the Elder's strategy. Stewart, Keith (2009). Similarly, NCOs with cross-branch tactical experience ensured that these combined-arms teams did operate in an integrated fashion. EEFI are discovered through the MDMP and everyone helps in identifying EEFI. Larceny, for example, requires that the defendant intentionally take property to which the person knows he or she is not entitled, intending to deprive the rightful owner of possession permanently. Commander’s Critical Information Requirements (CCIR) are defined by the Department of Defense as a comprehensive list of information requirements identified by the commander as being critical in facilitating timely information management and the decision making process that affect successful mission accomplishment. Mission-type tactics have been a central component of the military tactics of German armed forces since the 19th century. PIR needs to be specific enough to focus intelligence collection efforts on the objective. Found insideThe commander is responsible for making his intent not only clear but understood. He then seeks to reach his intended goal by devolving initiative to his junior officers and NCOs. This is not true of all armies. For example, the Soviet ... Analysis by the US Army of the 1939 German campaign in Poland found that "The emphasis which the Germans placed on the development of leadership and initiative in commanders during years of preparatory training brought its rewards in the Polish campaign. When that consumption hits the 50 percent mark, the commander may want to allocate fuel supplies to the reserve force. Each COA will have a set of EEFI, information that we need to hide from the enemy in order for the mission to be successful. Given an order from higher, a mental estimate of the situation, and a defensive scheme of maneuver develop a security plan to support the ground scheme of maneuver. Found inside – Page 18s The circular goes on to emphasize that the key operative concept stems from a clear statement of the commander's intent . The concept is then illustrated with the historical example of Colonel Joshua Chamberlain's 20th Maine Regiment ... At all times … Where the enemy is not also opens doors of possibilities. If the facts change or the assumptions are no longer valid, the commander must then adjust the plan!

Napoleon fought a continual battle of movement. Commanders then compare the assessment against their vision and intent and adjust operations to ensure objectives are met and the military end state is achieved. The General Staff played a vital role in assuring the quality of these exercises and in ensuring lessons were learnt and much of the philosophy was incorporated in their 1933 Field Manual Truppenführung. Headquartered at Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska, USSTRATCOM is responsible for strategic deterrence, global strike, and operating the Defense Department's Global Information Grid. The intent promotes subordinate initiative that is consistent with the higher commander’s aims when the task assigned is no longer appropriate for the situation.